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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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STATISTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL 
VIEW 

or 

THE UNITED STATES 

OF 

NORTH AMERICA, 



SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES. 



CAREFULLY COMPILED FROM THE LATEST AUTHORITIES, FOR TH' 
PROPRIETOR, 

BY M?F*'? ART LETT, 

AUTHOR OF THE "NATIONAL SCHOOL MANUAL." 



NEW YORK 

PRINTED BY SLEIGHT & VAN NORDEN. 



M DCCC XXXIII. 



Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1833, by 

COMFORT BUTLER, 

in the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Northern District of 
New York. 



/?f* 



*** The statistics of this little pamphlet have been taken principally 
from documents furnished by the departments of state for the United States, 
and the chronological facts, from the author's system of English Education, 
styled the " National School Manual," just published by Messrs. Carey 
& Lea, Philadelphia. 



£ 



STATISTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW 



UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. 

This broad belt of the earth, stretching from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific and embracing the salubrious regions of the temperate zone 
of the north, presents, as the milky-way of the heavens, one of the 
most picturesque, interesting, and fertile sections of the habitable 
globe. 
It was first discovered to the inhabitants of the old 

world, by J. Cabot & Son, A. D. 1497 

The first settlement was made by the English at 

Jamestown, Va. 1607 

Its mean length in English miles is about 2,550 

And its mean breadth, including Florida, 850 

It is computed to contain in square miles 2, 1 10,000 

Consequently it furnishes in acres the sum of 1,350,400,000 

The whole country is divided into 24 States, 6 Ter- 
ritories, and 1 District, total 31 
These are subdivided into counties, of which there 

are 1,113 

These are now (1833) inhabited by people bond 

and free, amounting to more than 13,000,000 

The census of 1830, exhibits the following results : — 
Free white males, 5,355,121 
Do. white females, 5,171,129 



Free black males, 153,444 

Do. black females, 166,139 



Black male slaves, 1,012,822 
Do. female slaves, 996,222 



Total 10,526,250 
Total 319,583 
Total 2,009,044 



12,854,877 
Aliens not classed as to males and females 335 

. Total 12,855,212 



4 A Statistical and Chronological View 

EXECUTIVE BRANCH. 

The United States are under a General Govern- 
ment called a Democratic Republic, at the head of 
which is an executive officer, styled the President ; 
the present incumbent, Andrew Jackson, Tennes- 
see, salary $25,000 

Second officer, Vice-President present incumbent, 

Martin Van Buren, New- York, salary 5,000 

Camber of Presidents, period of appointment. 

Born. Served. Died. 

Geo. Washington, Va. 1789, Feb. 22d. 1732, 8 yrs. Dec. 14, 1799. 
John Adams, Mass. 1797, Oct. 19, 1735, 4 " July 4, 1826. 
Thos. Jefferson, Va. 1801, April 2, 1743, 8 " July 4, 1826. 
James Madison, Va. 1809, March 5, 1751, 8 " 
James Monroe, Va. 1817, April 2, 1750, 8 " July 4, 1831. 
John CI. Adams, Mass. 1825, July 11, 1767, 4 " [years more. 
And'w Jackson, S. C. 1829, Mar. 15, 1767, 4 " just elected for 4 

HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS, OR PRESIDENT'S CABINET. 

Edward Livingston, Lou. Secretary of State, salary $6,000 

Louis M'Lane, Del. Secretary of the Treasury, " 6,000 

Lewis Cass, Ohio, Secretary of War, " 6,000 

Levi Woodbury, N. H. Secretary of the Navy, " 6,000 

Wm. T. Barry,' Ky. Post Master General, " 6,000 

Roger B. Taney, Md. Attorney General, " 3,500 

No. of clerks in these departments 56, united salaries 106,900 
Seat of General Government, Washington, D. C. 

founded 1790, occupied 1800' 
Capitol 350 feet loner, 121 wide, 120 high to the top 

dome, cost §2,596,500 

President's House is 170 feet long, and 85 wide, its 

cost, since burned by the English, 1814, is 347,517 

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH. 

Legislative Branch, styled the Congress, consists of a Senate 
and House of Representatives. The Senate is composed of two 
members from each state, elected for 6 years, whole number 48. 
This body employs a Secretary, whose salary is $3,000 

A Sergeant-at-Arms and Door-Keeper, " 1,500 

An Assistant Door-Keeper, " 1,450 

A Chaplain, tl 500- 

The members of the H. of R. from the states are 213, delegates 
from territories 3, making 216, elected for two years, and with the 
Senators, make a total in Congress of 264, pay $8 per day for the 
session and $8 for every twenty miles travel. 



of the United States. 5 

This body has also a Clerk, whose salary is $3,000 

A Sergeant-at-Arms, " 1,500 

A Door-Keeper, " 1,500 

An Assistant Door-Keeper, " 1,500 

And a Chaplain, " 500 
Congress has a library for the use of the members, under 

the care of a Librarian, whose salary is 1,500 

And an Assistant Librarian, with a salary of 800 

JUDICIARY BRANCH. 

Judiciary Branch of the General Government is committed to a 
Supreme Court, which has an annual term at the city of Washing- 
ton, commencing on the second Monday of January, and 44 Dis- 
trict Courts established in the several States and Territories. 
In the Supreme Court, John Marshall, Richmond Va. is 

Chief Justice, appointed Jan. 1, 1801, salary $5,000 
William Johnson, Charleston, S. C. Assistant Justice, 

appointed March 26, 1804, salary 4,500 
Gabriel Duval, Marrietta, Ind. Assistant Justice, appoint- 
ed Nov. 18, 1811, salary 4,500 
Joseph Story, Camb. Mass. Assistant Justice, appointed 

Nov. 18, 1811, salary 4,500 
Smith Thompson, New- York, Assistant Justice, appoint- 
ed Dec. 9, 1823, salary 4,500 
John M'Lean, Cincinnati, Ohio, Assistant Justice, ap- 
pointed March 7, 1829, salary 4,500 
Henry Baldwin, Pittsburg, Penn. Assistant Justice, ap- 
| pointed Jan. 6, 1830, salary 4,500 
This court has a reporter who draws a salary of 1,000 
The united salaries of the Judges of the District Courts, 

amount to 73,900 

ARMY DEPARTMENT. 

The President is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy 
of the United States ; 

Under him, Maj. Gen. Alex. Macomb, gen. in chief, salary $6,535 

Brig. Gen. Edmond P. Gains, Western Department, " 4,442 

Brig. Gen. Winfield Scott, Eastern Department, " 4,442 

Lieut. Col. Roofer Jones, Adjutant General, " 3,234 

Col. John E. Wool, Inspector General, " 2.796 

Col. Geo. Croghan, do. do. ' " 2,796 

"Bri^. Gen. Thomas S. Jessup, Quarter Master Gen. " 3,138 

Maj. William Linnard, do. do. " 3,138 

Maj. Henry Stanton, do. do. " 3,138 

Maj. Geo. Bender, do. do. " 3,138 

Maj. Trueman Cross, do. do. " 3,138 

1* 



6 A Statistical and Chronological View 

Col. Geo. Gibson, Commissary Gen. of Subsistence, salary, 3,138 

Col. Callender Irvine, do do. of Purchass, " 3'138 

Col. Nathan Towson, Paymaster General, " 3,138 

Joseph Lovell, Surgeon General, << 3,138 

8 Surgeons each, . #1,510 . . 12,080 

45 Assistant Surgeons each, 1,229 . . 54,305 

12 Colonels each drawing, 2,958 . K. 35,496 

12 Lieutenant Colonels each, 2,640 . . 31,680 

20 Majors each, . 2,194 . . 42,880 

120 Captains each, . 1,595 . . 191,400 

148 1st. Lieutenants each, 1,351 . . 199,948 

148 2nd. do. do. L291 . . 191.068 
The whole No. of officers of all grades is, 1736 
The whole number of privates, 4452 Total 6,188 

^ This army is composed of Infantry and Artillery. The Or- 
dinance department is under the care of Col. George Bomford. And 
the Military Academy under the superintendence of Lieut. Col. Syl- 
vanus Thayer. 

NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

Aside from the Secretary of this department, Hon. Levi 
Woodbury, and his chief clerk, Mr. John Boyle, whose 
salary is, ..... $2,000 
There is a Board of Commissioners of whom John Rogers is 

President. Salary. . . . 3,500 

Charles Stewart, . . . .3,500 

Daniel T. Patterson, . . . 3,500 

C. W. Goldsborough, Secretary of the Board, 2,000 ' 

W.Y. Ridgley, Chief Clerk, . . . 1,600 

Attached to the Navy and the Navy Yards are 40 Captains. 
Those who command at the Navy yards have a salary each of, 4,067 
Those who command whole Squadrons have each, 3,020 

Captains of Line-of-battle Ships have each, . 2,330 

Do. who command Frigates, . . 2,170 

Do. Sloops of war, . . . 1,448 

There are also 37 Masters Commandants — 
Those of them which command Sloops of war over 20 guns. 

Salary, ..... 1,628 

Do. of 20 guns and under, . . 1,356 

Lieutenants of which there are 260, draw if ; n command, 1,296_ 

if not in command, 965 

Surgeons of which there are 44. Salary, . . 2,420 

Do. Assistants, whole No. 37, under 5 years at sea, 1,085 

Pursers on board ship, whole No. 42. Salary, 662 

Chaplains on board of ship, whole No. 19, . 662 



of the United States. 



7 



1,142 
483 
320 
663 
423 



Chaplains when attached to land station, 
Passed Midshipmen, whole No. 73, salary each, 
Midshipmen, whole No. 376, do. 

Sailing Masters and Boatswains each, 
Gunners, .... 

There is also attached to the Navy a Marine Corps, of' 
which Lieut. Col. Archibald Henderson is Commandant. 
Salary, . . . . . 1,296 

Under him are 8 Captains drawing each, . . 963 

2 Paymasters, do. . . 662 

24 1st. Lieutenants, do. . . 963 

16 2nd. do. do. . . . 663 

The General Government of the United States has established 7 
Navy Yards. 

1. Portsmouth, N. H., under the care of John D. Henley 

2. Boston, Mass., 

3. Brooklyn, N. York, 

4. Philadelphia, Penn., 

5. Washington, D. C, 

6. Norfolk, Va., 

7. Pensacola, Florida, 

Note. At all these places, the Government have collected great quantities 
of live oak and other materials for the future use and increase of the navy, 
in which the nation appears to take great pride. 

UNITED STATES NAVY. 

Ships of the Line. 

Of these there are 7 — 

Independence, 74 guns, built at Boston, Mass. 



do. 


do. 


Charles Morris. 


do. 


do. 


Isaac Chauncey. 


do. 


do. 


James Barron. 


do. 


do. 


Isaac Hull. 


do. 


do. 


Lewis Warrington. 


do. 


do. 


Alexander J. Dallas. 



Franklin, 

Washington, 

Columbus, 

Ohio, 

N. Carolina, 

Delaware, 



74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 



do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



Philadelphia, Penn. 
Portsmouth, N. H. 
Washington, D. C. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Philadelphia, Penn. 
Norfolk, Va. 



Frigates of the 1st. Class. 
Of these there are also 7 — 

United States, 44 guns, built at Philadelphia, Penn. A 

Constitution, 44 do. 

Guerricre, 44 do. 

Java, 44 do. 

Potomac, 44 do. 

Brandywine, 44 do. 



Hudson, 



Boston, Mass. 
Philadelphia, Penn. 
Baltimore, Md. 
Washington, D. C. 
do. 



Purchased, N. Y. 



D. 1814. 
1815. 
1816. 
1819. 
1820. 
1820. 
1820. 



D. 1797- 

1814. 

1821. 
1825. 
1826. 



£ A Statistical and Chronological View 

Frigates of the 2d. Class. 
There are only 3 of these — 

1. Constellation, 36 guns, built at Baltimore, Md. A. D. 1797. 

2. Congress, 36 do. Portsmouth, N. H. 1799. 

3. Macedonia, 36 Captured at sea, 1812. 

Sloops of War. 
Of these there are 1 5 — 
1. John Qt. Adams, 24 guns, built at Charleston, S. C. A. D. 1799. 



2. Eric, 




18 




do. 


Baltimore, Md. 


1813. 


3. Ontario, 




18 




do. 


do. 


« 


4. Peacock, 




18 




do. 


Brooklyn, N. Y. 


« 


5. Cyane, 




24 




Ca L 


ptured at sea, 


1815. 


0. Boston, 




18 




built at Boston, Mass. 


1825. 


7. Lexington, 




18 




do. 


Brooklyn, N. Y. 


u 


8. Vmcennes, 




18 




do. 


do. 


1826. 


9. Warren, 




18 




do. 


Boston, Mass. 


u 


10. Natchez, 




18 




do. 


Norfolk, Va. 


1827. 


11. Falmouth, 




18 




do. 


Boston, Mass. 


it 


12. Fairfield, 




IS 




do. 


Brooklyn, N. Y. 


1828. 


13. Vandaiia, 




18 




do. 


Philadelphia, Pa. 


« 


14. St. Louis, 




18 




do. 


Washington, D.C. 


CI 


15. Concord, 




18 




do. 


Portsmouth, N. H. 


u 








Small Craft. 




There a re 8 of this 


i kind 


1— 








1. Porpoise, 


12 


guns 


, built at Portsmouth, N. H. 


1820. 


2. Dolphin, 


12 




do 




Philadelphia, Penn. 


1821. 


3. Grampus, 


12 




do, 




Washington, D. C. 


C( 


4. Shark, 


12 




do, 




do. 


a 


5. Enterprise, 


12 




do, 




Brooklyn, N. Y. 


1831. 


6, Boxer, 


12 




do, 




Boston, Mass. 


a 


7. The Fox, 


3 




Purchased, 


1823. 


S. The Sea Hull 


, 3 






do. 




tt 



Whole number of guns, as the several vessels are rated, 1294. 
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
This department, was organized in 1789, at which time 

Samuel Osgood of Mass. was made P. M. G. left 1791. 

Tim. Pickering, Penn. appointed 1791 

J.Habersham, Geor. do. 1795 

Gideon Granger, Conn. do. 1802 

Return J.Meigs, Ohio, do. 1814 

JohnM'Lean, Ohio, do. 1823 

Wm. T. Barrv, Ken. do. 1829 



do. 


1 795. 


do. 


1802. 


do. 


1814. 


do. 


1823. 


do. 


1829, 



of the United Stales. 9 

The first return of the Post Office Department in 1790, exhibits 
the folio win or; — 



Dates, 



No. of No. of 
Offices, miles tr. 



1790 
1800 
1810 
1820 
1830 



75 

903 

2,300 

4,600 

8,450 



1,875 

20,S17 

36,406 

72,492 

115,176 



Receipts. 



S 37,935 

280,804 

551,684 

1,111,972 

1,919,300 



Expense. 



32,140 

213,994 

495,968 

1,160,925 

1,959,109 



Gain. 



$ 5,794 
66,810 
55,715 
48,999 Loss, 
39,809 " 



Note. It appears by a statement furnished by the Post Office Department, 
that the revenue derived from this source since the year 1789 has not only 
ta^^f^H^ 1 10 thC eStablishmeilt ' but u ? t0 1830, haJ 
RATES OP POSTAGE. 

Postage on one piece of paper, or letter, for 30 miles and under 6 
Over 30 and not exceeding 80 miles, 10 

Over 80 and up to 150, ' 12 ' 

Over 150 and up to 400, 1S | 

Over 400 miles, 25 

Letters of two pieces of paper or double letter, twice the above 
rates. 

Those of 3 pieces pay triple these rates ; and of 4 pieces, quad- 
ruple these rates. r ' H 

Letters weighing one ounce or more, are charged with quadru- 
ple postage for each ounce. 

Letters,|or packages of letters, delivered at the office, where lodg- 
ed pay one cent postage. to 

Ship letters cleared at office when the vessel arrived, pay 6 cents 
If sent thence, they pay only 2 cents in addition to regular postal 
as above charged. to ' & 

^vspapers carried 100 miles pay, 1 cen t each. 

All over 100 miles, ji « 

Pamphtets,kc. published periodically, 100 miles, Hcts. per sheet. 
Over 100 2* « 

If not periodically, 100 4 « 

Over 100 6 " 

UNITED STATES MINT ESTABLISHMENT. 

The Mint of the United States is situated in the city of Philadel- 
phia near the "Centre Square;" the building recently erected for 
the purpose, is said to be one of the most elegant and appropriate 
known to the history of any country. The Mint was established in 
the year 1790, and its operations for the year 1S31, exhibit the fol- 
lowing results:— 5 



10 Ji Statistical and Chronological View 



Half eagles, No. of p'cs. gold, 110,594 at $5 each, Am't 


§702,970 00 


Quarter eagles, do. 4,5 ?0 


2 50 do. 


11,300 00 


Half dollars, do. silv. 5,873,660 


m do. 


2,9^6,830 00 


Quarter dollars do. 398,000 


25 do. 


99,500 00 


Dimes, do. 171,350 


10 do. 


77J135 00 


Half dimes, do. 1,242 700 


05 do. 


62,135 00 


Cents, do. cop. 3,359,269 


01 do. 


33,592 60 


Half cents, do. 2,200 


005 do. 


11 00 


Total No. of pieces, 11,792,384 


Total amount, 


$3,923,473 60 


Sources of the Gold Bu 


ion above coined. 




Virginia, United States 


$26,000 




N. Carolina, do. 


294,000 




S. Carolina, do. 


22,000 




Georgia, do. 


176,000 




Alabama, do. 


1,000 




Tennesse, do. 


1,000 





Mexico, S. America, W. Indies, $130,000 

Regions of Africa, 27,000 

Places not ascertained, 33,000 



$520,000 
196,000 



Sum total, $71 6,000 

The Report of 1832 exhibits the following. 



Half eagles, gol( 


1, No. ( 


)fp'cs. 157,487 at $5 




each 


$787,435 


Gluarter eagles, 


do. 


4,000 


2 


50 




10,000 


Half dollars, silv. 


do. 


4,792,000 




50 




2,396,000 


Gluarter dollars, 


do. 


320,000 




25 




80.000 


Dimes, 


do. 


522,500 




10 




52,250 


Half dimes, 


do. 


965,000 




05 




58,250 


Cents, copper, 


do. 


2,352,000 




01 




23,520 



Total number of pieces, 9,112,987 Total amount, $3,397,455 

Sources of the Gold Bulion. 

Mexico, S. America, and W. Indies, $80,000 

Africa, 28,000 

United States of N. America, 678,000 

Places not known, 12,000 



$798,000 



UNITED STATES TONAGE FOR 1830. 

Registered, 651,635, enrolled and licensed, 21,354, total 1,472,989 



of the United States. 

BRITISH TONAGE FOR 1830 

England, No. of vessels, 13,977 

Scotland, do. . 3,228 

Ireland, do. 1,413 

Islands of the coast 492 



No. of steamboats owned in the U.K. 



Tons, 1,758,066 
*" 308,297 
" 101,994 

" 31,603 

19,110 

342 Tonage, 



Total, 19,452 

UNITED STATES EXPORTS FOR 1830. 

Am't. of Cotton goods, $1,313,133 

all other manufactures, 4,002,797 



Its 



Gold and Silver coin, 

Raw cotton, 

Rice, 

Tobacco, 

wheat flour, biscuit, &c. 

Pork in all its forms, j So &, 

Indian corn and meal, 

Beef in all its forms, 

Butter and cheese, 

Horses and mules, 

Sheep, 

Rye meal, rye, oats, pulse, &c. 

Flaxseed, Hops, and B. sugar. 

Potatoes and apples, 

Indigo, 

Productions of the forest, 
Do do. ocean, 

Sundries not distinguished, 



2,199,959 
31,353 

2,231,312 



5,320,980 
937,151 



29,674,883 
1,986,825 
5,586,365 
6,320,603 
1,315,245 

44,883,920 

597,119 

717,633 

142,370 

182,244 

22,110 

154,045 

214,260 

62,754 

827 



4,192,047 

1,725,270 

309,249 



Total amount of domestic exports, 
Foreign articles exported, 



$59,462,029 
14,389,479 



$73,849,508 

IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES FOR 1830. 

Amount of articles free of duty, $12,746,245 

Do. paying a d valorem duties, 35,835,450 

Do. P a ying specific duties, 22,295,225 



Total, 



$70,876,920 



12 Ji Statistical and Chronological Vieiv 

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 





JMo. of 
Ministers. 


Members. 


Houses. 


Estimate 
Value. 


Congregationalists, 


1,000 


150,000 


1,250 


$5,380,000 


Presbyterians, 


1,800 


173,000 


2,085 


7,297,500 


Associate do. 


72 


14,000 


105 


367,500 


Dutch Reformed, 


160 


25,000 


200 


700,000 


Episcopalians, 


525 


83,000 


665 


2,327,500 


German Reformed, 


229 


51,000 


500 


1,750,000 


Lutherns, 


200 


28,000 


300 


1,050,000 


Methodists, 


3,000 


450,000 


8,750 


26,620,000 


Baptists, 


2,914 


364,820 


6,400 


20,519,000 


7th-day Baptists, 


30 


2,000 


46 


162,000 


6 prim. Baptists, 


26 


1,860 


32 


112,000 


Free Will Baptists, 


240 


36,900 


312 


1,092,000 


Free, Mon. Baptists, 


42 


3,714 


52 


182,000 


Tunkers, or Dunkers, 


320 


18,500 


373 


1,291,500 


Mennonites, 


356 


37,220 


652 


2,282,000 


Emancipators," 


12 


510 


16 


53,000 


United Brethren, 


33 


3,200 


44 


161,000 


Christian Society, 


26 


2,300 


33 


116,500 


Friends Society, 




55,500 


530 


1,855,000 


Unitarians, 


162 


26,400 


180 


630,000 


Swedenbergians, 


29 


2,100 


41 


159,500 


Shakers, 


45 


1,500 


19 


71,500 


Universalists, 


166 


32,000 


220 


780,000 


Roman Catholics, 
Whole No. of clergy, 


230 


40,000 


150 


650,000 


11,611 


1,614,520 


21,951 


$75,559,500 



NUMBER OF BANKS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Bank of the U. States, parent, at Philadelphia, Penn. 

capital, $35,000,000, specie, $2,500,000 

Branches in the several states, amount of specie collec- 
tively, 4,299,753 



Ara't. of public deposites U. S. treasury, March 1, 
private " Individuals, " 



Amount of paper notes issued, 

Number of local banks in the U. States, 1833, 
U. States and branches, 



$6,799,753 

1832 6,781,114 

8,816,760 

$22,397,627 
42,118,452 
483 
28 
— Total, 511 



of the United States. 13 

Am't. Local Bank funds, $159,500,000 

U. S. Bank and branches, 35,000,000 

$194,500,000 

Paper in circulation, local banks, 92,000,000 
Do. U.S. bank and branches, 42,118,452 

$134,113,452 

Interest paid on loans at 6 per cent, per anum, 8,047,107 
Specie in all the U. States, probably, 20,000,000 

NUMRER OP COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. 

In 1776, the number of colleges was 8, now 1832, there are 56 

No. of pupils in 1776,765. Number in " 5360 

teachers, 1832, 405. No. of pupils to each teacher, 13 

prof, schools, law, 9. — physic, 17. — divinity, 28. — Total, 53 

NUMBER OF INDIANS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

The whole number of natives within the limits of the 

U. States, is about .... 313,130 

Of which 70 tribes are known, whose numbers am't. to 129,266 
These tribes possess lands, which in acres amount to 77,402,318 

Note. These tribes are principally amalgamated remnants of the millions 
of brave independent nations who were once lords of this vast country. 



GENERAL STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE SEVERAL 
UNITED STATES. 



I. MAINE. 



The region of country now known as the State of Maine, was 
first visited by a company from England, in 1607 ; who, in conse- 
quence of the severity of the climate, and rocky aspect of the coast, 
became discouraged, returned home, and afterwards planted a 
colony further south. 

The first permanent settlement was made at the present town 
of York, in the year 1630. It was attached to the state of Massa- 
chusetts, and styled the " Province of Maine," up to the third of 
March, 1820, when it was admitted into the Union, an independent 
state. The same year, its present constitution was adopted. The 
state is divided into 10 counties, and 240 towns. Mean length, 



14 



Statistical Vieiv 



236 miles ; mean breadth, 135 ; number of square miles, 31,960 • 
number of acres, 20,455,400: population 1790, 96,540; 1800, 
151,719; 1810,228,705; 1820,298,335; 1830, white males, 200,- 
687; white females, 197,573; black males, 600 ; black females, 
575 ; slaves, 2 females : total, 399,437. Election, 2d Monday in 
September, by districts. Electoral votes, 10. Governor, S. E. 
Smith: salary, $1,500. Seat of government, Augusta ; popula- 
tion 1S30, 3,9S0 ; distance from Washington, 595 miles. 



Population largest toions, fyc. 1830. 



Portland : . . 12.600 
" dist. from Washington 543 m. 

Hallowed . . . 3,064 

Bath . . . 3,773 

Brunswick . . . 3,747 

Saco . . . 3,220 

Berwick . . . 3,168 

Waldoborough . . 3,113 

Belfast . . . 3,077 

Bangor . . . 2,864 

Kennebunk . . . 2.763 



160 
140 
135 
3,500 
35 



Length of Penobscot river, m. 

Androscoggin 

Kennebec 
Library Bowdoin College, vols. 
No of incorporated Academies 
Academy Fund $176,200 

No. of District Schools 2,800 

Annual public support $150,000 

No. of Banks, 1832 23 

Amount of Bank capital $8,000,000 



Face of the country, rough ; soil, strong, and good for grazing. 
Staple products, fish, lumber, beef, pork, iron, lead. Native tribe, 
Abenaquis, with many branches, not all extinct. 

This is the region of country through which Benedict Arnold, 
the subsequent traitor, marched, in 1775, with a detachment of 
1000 men, for the purpose of aiding general Montgomery in the 
capture of Quebec. His provisions failed while yet deep in the 
unbroken wilderness, and he and his troops stayed their hunger by 
eating their dogs, shoes, and clothes. 

The early Indian wars were severely felt on the western border 
of this state, and many of the inhabitants were killed, while others 
were carried captives into Canada. 

General Lovell's expedition against the English fort on the Pe- 
nobscot, was a memorable disaster ; nearly the whole force was 
literally cut to pieces, and the shipping destroyed. 

During the war of 1812, the British effected a landing on the 
extreme easterly point of the state, and took possession of Eastport, 
but gave it up at the peace of Ghent. 

Soon after this state had organized her government, the British, 
wishing for a road direct from N. Brunswick to Quebec, laid claim 
to several thousand square miles of the northern part of her terri- 
tory, which she had peaceably held since the treaty of 1783. The 
subject is not yet adjusted. 



of the several United States. 15 

II. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

The tract of country embraced in this state was primitively called 
Laconia, subsequently Piscataqua, and finally New Hampshire, an 
appellation given by John Mason, to whom the tract was granted 
in 1622. 

The first settlements made were in 1623, at Little Harbour, near 
the mouth of the Piscataqua, and at Dover, about 8 miles up the 
stream. 

In 1641, this territory was taken under the care of Massachu- 
setts, with which it remained 33 years, when it was separated by 
order of Charles 2d, and made a royal province. 

The present constitution was framed in 1783, and revised in 
1792. 

The state is divided into 6 counties, and subdivided into 213 
townships. 

Mean length, 160 miles ; mean breadth, 53. Number of square 
miles, 9,500. Number of acres, 6,100,000. 

Population 1790, 141,839 ; 1800,183,762; 1810, 214,360 ; 1820, 
244,161 ; 1830, white males, 131,184; white females, 137,537; 
black males, 279 ; black females, 323 ; slaves, 5 females ; — total, 
269,328. 

Seat of government, Concord ; population, 1830, 3,727 ; dis- 
tance from Washington, 474 miles. Election, 2d Tuesday in 
March — general ticket; electoral votes, 7. Governor, Samuel 
Dinsmoor ; salary, $1,200. 

Population largest towns, 1830. 



Portsmouth .... 8,082 
" dist. from Washington, 491 m. 

Dover .... 5,459 

Gilmantown : 3,81(5 

Somersworth . . . 3,090 

Exeter 2,757 

Hopkinion . ; . 2,474 

Keene 2,374 

Haverhill . . i 2,153 



Height of Mt. Washington, ft. 6,650 

JYJoosehillock 4,500 

Monadnock 3,250 

Length Connecticut river, in. 300 

Library Dartmouth Coll. vols. 6,000 

Incorporated Academies 30 

No. Banks, 1832 . . 21 
Amount of Bank capital $6,500,000 



This state is mountainous, and the soil indifferently good ; better 
for grass and grazing than tillage. The staple productions are 
butter, cheese, beef, pork, poultry. Inhabitants, temperate, frugal, 
industrious, and above want. 

The early history of New Hampshire is full of interesting ad- 
venture, and tragic Indian scenery, happily drawn by the late Mr. 
Belknap. 

King Philip's war, of 1675, was the most bloody and destructive 
waged between the natives and the whites, and fell heavily on this 
state. 



16 Statistical View 

In 1689, the war of king William broke out, and this state was 
exposed to the 'inroads of the Indians for seven years ; Salmon 
Falls, Haverhill, &c. were burnt and sacked. In 1702, a war of 
12 years raged, when Exeter, Dover, Kingston, Oyster Bay, &c. 
were burnt, and men, women, and children, dragged prisoners of 
war into Canada. 

The war of 1754, which closed in 1763, by the conquest of Ca- 
nada, gave the people of this state some respite, until the war of 
the revolution, in 1775, broke upon the world, which eventuated in 
the independence of this state. 

The first legislative assembly held in this state, met in 1680. 
And in 1785, the legislature assembled at Exeter were taken pris- 
oners of war by a body of insurgents, but were soon released by a 
body of citizen troops. 

The boundary line between this state and Massachusetts has 
been a subject of dispute for about 150 years, and still remains un- 
settled. 



III. VERMONT. 

The state of Vermont was originally held by natives called the 
Coos Indians, and a few others near the lakes. 

The first settlement made by the English was at Brattleborough, 
in 1625, at which place Fort Dummer was built, and some im- 
provements made, but afterward abandoned : the French, from 
Canada, also built opposite Crown Point as early as 1731. 

Bennington, the first permanent settlement, was planted in 1749, 
and named after Benning Wentworth, governor of N. Hampshire. 
But as the country was claimed by Massachusetts, N. Hampshire, 
and New York, great difficulty was experienced in settling the 
title to the lands. The two former states backed out of the contest, 
and the inhabitants of the disputed territory bought the claim of 
New York, for which they paid $30,000, and in 17i*l entered the 
Union, an independent state, strikingly democratic for the age in 
which its constitution was framed. 

Mean length, 157 miles ; mean breadth, 65. Number of square 
miles, 1 0,212. Number of acres, 6,535,680. Number of counties, 
13. Number of towns, 246. 

Population, 1790, 85,416 ; 1800, 154,465 ; 1810, 217,713 ; 1820, 
235,764; 1830, white males, 139,986; white females, 139,790; 
black males, 426 ; black females, 455 ; — total, 280,659. 

Seat of government, Montpelier ; population, 1830, 1,793 ; 
distance from Washington, 524 miles. Election, 1st Tuesday in 
September, by district. Electoral votes, 7. Governor, William 
A. Palmer ; salary, $750. 



of the several United States. 



17 



Population of the largest towns, 1833. 



Burlington .... 3,523 

dist. from Washington, 515 m. 

Middlebury . . . 3,468 

Bennington .... 3,420 

Windsor .... 3,134 

Woodstock .... 3,044 

Rutland .... 2,753 

St. Albans .... 2,375 



Height of Mansfield mt. ft. 4,280 

Camel's Rump 4,188 

Ascutnev 3,300 

Bellows Falls 44 

No. sq. m- Lake Champlain 600 

Banks, 9— Capital stock $1,000,000 

Colleges, 2 — Incorp. Academies . 25 



The central regions of this state are broken and mountainous, 
though good pasture land. Along the rivers, the soil is fertile, and 
well cultivated. Beef, pork, butter, cheese, and wool, are staple 
articles. Iron and marble are abundant. Inhabitants, hardy and 
frugal. 

This is the only state in the Union in which, by the census of 
1830, there were no slaves. 

The people of Vermont, though fighting upon their own hook, 
sustained the cause of the revolution of 1776 with a bravery and 
success which will be held in honourable remembrance so long as 
the history of that eventful period is read. The undaunted leaders 
of the chivalrous " Green Mountain Boys," were, the gigantic gen- 
eral Ethan Allen, and the cool, determined, colonel Seth Warner, 
neither of whom were ever moved by fear, or won by flattery, and 
yet both strikingly averse to cruelty and bloodshed. 

The greenest laurel won by the hardy sons of this "Mountain 
State,' 1 '' was at the battle of Bennington, directed by the immortal 
John Stark, of New Hampshire. 

The able and indefatigable patriot, Thomas Chittenden, who 
had done the duties of the governor of the people with singular 
success, for the period of 19 years, in succession, resigned the trust 
in 1797. 

The first attempt of the people of this state to carry on the busi- 
ness of banking and emitting bills of credit, on loan, with interest, 
was made about 1804, and proved truly unfortunate. They are 
now experimenting in paper money on a revised plan, the success 
of which must be left to the test of time. 



IV. MASSACHUSETTS. 

This state is memorable for having been first planted by a reli- 
gious sect called Puritans : they arrived on the coast, from Hol- 
land, in a ship styled the Mayflower, and landed on the Plymouth 
rock, 101 in number, on the 20th of December, 1620. 

The name of the state is derived from that of the celebrated In- 
2* 



18 



Statistical View 



dian chief, Massasoit, the sachem of that region, and father of the 
heroic king Philip. 

Boston, the present commercial mart, both of the state and all 
New England, was called by the natives, Shawmut ; and by the 
first settlers, Trimonts, from its three hills, Fort, Beacon, and 
Copp's. 

The first legislative assembly met in Boston, October 12, 1630. 

The first vessel built was called the " Blessing of the Bay," 1631. 

The first printing was done by a Mr. Day, " The Freeman's 
Oath," 1639. 

The first treaty of union between the several plantations, 1 643. 

The state first divided into counties, courts of justice planted, 
1643. 

Mean length, 130 miles ; mean breadth, 61. Number of coun- 
ties, 14. Number of towns, 263. 

Number of square miles, 7,800. Number of acres, 4,990,000. 

Population, 1790, 378,717 ; 1800,423,245 ; 1810, 472,040 ; 1820, 
523,287 ; 1830, white males, 294,635 ; white females, 308,674 ; 
black males, 3,360 ; black females, 3,687 : slaves, 2, both females : 
total, 610,408. 

Seat of government, Boston ; population, 1830,61,392; distance 
from Washington, 436 miles. Election, 2d Monday in November 
— general ticket. Electoral votes, 14. Governor, Levi Lincoln ; 
salary, $3,666 5. 



Population of the largest towns, <§-c. 1830. 



Height of Saddle mountain, ft. 4,000 



Library Cambridge Coll. vols. 

Boston Atheneum 

Boston City 

Worcester A. A. S 
No. Public Schools 
No. Banks 

Amount Capital Stock 
No. Manufacturing Cos. 
Amount Capital invested $60,000,000 

Ship-Tonnage 460,000 



26,000 

21,000 

8,000 

S. 7,000 

J, 870 

20 

$25,000,000 

263 



Salem .... 13,886 
dist. from Washington, 450 m. 

Charlestown ... • 8,783 

New Bedford . . . 7,592 

Gloucester : . . 7,513 

Nantucket .... 7 205 

Springfield . . .. 6^784 

Lowell .... 6,474 

Newburyport . . . 6.388 

Lynn C,138 

Cambridge . . . 6,071 

Itoxbury .... 5,250 

The Green mountains pass through the western part of the 
state ; otherwise the surface is undulating. The soil, in the south, 
is light and sandy ; the residue, strong and productive. The cli- 
mate is every where healthy, and longevity common. 

Staple products, beef, pork, butter, cheese, grain, fish, fruits, &c. 
The manufactures are among the best in the country. 

The great body of the people of this state are agriculturists, 
frugal, temperate, industrious, independent, and well informed. 

In 1652, this state bought the province of Maine, for #5,324, of 
the heirs of Gorges, and held it for about 150 years. 



of the several United States. 19 

Philip's war broke out in this state in the year 1673, and closed 
in 1678. 

In 1683, the charter of the state was awarded to the kino-, James 
2d, by the court of chancery, and the government was committed 
to E. Andross. In 1692, a new charter was given. This was the 
age of the disgraceful witchcraft infatuation, which cost the lives 
of many innocent human beings. 

Then came the war of king William, with the French and In- 
dians of Canada. 

Next, the war of queen Anne, when Deerfield was sacked, Mrs. 
Williams carried off, &c. 

In 1744, the war of George 2d took place, the Indians from 
Canada scoured the country. 

Then the war of 1763 followed, when the Canadas were cap- 
tured. 

In 1775, April 19, at Lexington, the war of the revolution com- 
menced. The spot now bears a beautiful grey granite monument, 
with inscriptions. 

On the 17th of June, of the same year, the battle of Bunker Hill 
occurred, and Dr. Joseph Warren fell. A granite monument was 
erected here in 1825. 

In 1780, this state adopted her republican constitution, and ap- 
pointed her officers. 

In 1783, African slavery was abolished in all her borders. In 
this measure she led the van. 

In 1786, her peace was disturbed by the insurrection of Daniel 
Shays. 

In 1820, her present constitution was adopted, being a revision 
of that of 1 780, and Boston soon after became a city. 



V. RHODE ISLAND. 

This is the smallest state in the Union ; more democratic than 
any of her neighbours ; inhabitants, enterprising and wealthy, 
though not greatly informed, except in large towns. 

The natives were the peaceable Narraganset tribe, near whom, 
and upon the summit of mount Hope, in the town of Bristol, the 
intrepid king Philip held his court, and planned his campaigns. 

The celebrated Roger Williams first planted this state, at the 
Indian Mooshaussic, the present Providence, in January of 1636. 

In 1638, William Coddington bought of the natives the island 
of Aquidnic, the present island of Rhode Island. It was immedi- 
ately settled by about 20 men, and Mr. Coddington was soon made 
the first governor of the state. 



20 Statistical Vieio 

This state is divided into 5 counties, and subdivided into 31 
townships. 

Mean length, 47 miles ; mean breadth, 29 ; number of square 
miles, 1,363 ; number of acres, 872,420. 

Population, 1790, 69,110; 1800, 69,112; 1810, 77,031; 1820, 
83,059 ; 1830, white males, 45,333 r white females, 48,288 ; black 
males, 1,544 ; black females, 2,029 ; male slaves, 3 ; female do. 
11;— total, 97,199. 

Seat of government, Providence ; population, 1830, 16,832; 
distance from Washington, 394 miles. Election, April and Au- 
gust — general ticket. Electoral votes, 4. Governor, William L. 
Southard ; salary, $400. 

Population of the largest toivns, fyc. 1830. 

Newport . . . 8,010 No. of Banks in Rhode Island 51 

dist. from Washing. 424 in. Amount of Bank capital $8,650,000 

Scituate . . 6,853 Amt. School appropriation $30,090 

Warwick . . . 5,529 Length of Blackstone canal, m. 45 

Smithfield . . 3,994 Library Brown College, vols. 5,000 

S. Kingston . . 3,003 Tawtucket Falls, ft. 50 

Bristol . . . 3,054 No. sheep on I. It. I. 100,000 

N.Kingston . . 3,036 

The northern part of this state is rough ; the central regions, 
undulating ; and the extreme south, principally level. The great 
body of the people are sober, industrious, and wealthy. 

In the planting of Rhode Island, the name of which, as applied 
to the island, was taken from that of Rhodes, on the coast of Asia 
Minor, Roger Williams and his associates sat the first example of 
a social community in which the perfect freedom of religious opin- 
ion was indiscriminately enjoyed. 

This course was so particularly offensive to the neighbouring 
states, that when the confederation for mutual safety against the 
natives was formed, this state was refused the privilege of becoming 
a party to the compact, and left to protect herself against the exas- 
perated Indians. But her course with these sons of the forest had 
always been humane and just ; hence, she had nothing to fear. 

In 1643, Mr. Williams went to England, and purchased the 
territory of the Plymouth company; and in 1663, he obtained a 
charter from Charles 2d, which is now the existing constitution of 
the state. 

The only part which this state took in the repeated wars with 
the French and Indians of Canada, was the furnishing a sloop of 
war, 100 sailors, and 300 soldiers. 

In 1775, when the great struggle of the revolution'commenced, 
this state sent her troops into thVfield under the command of her 
heroic son, Nathaniel Green ; whose mother, a consistent Quaker- 
ess, when she found that Nathaniel would go to the war, said, 



of the several United States. 21 

" If thou wilt go, I hope Jhe enemy will not wound thee in thy 
back." 

During the struggle, Newport was occupied by the English for 
some months, near which, both upon the water and the land, there 
was some hard fiehting. 



VI. CONNECTICUT. 

The state of Connecticut takes its name from the noble stream 
which passes through it, and which; as applied by the natives, 
means a long river. 

It was originally inhabited by savage tribes, the most powerful 
of which was the Pequods : their numbers were about 40,000. 

The state was first planted at two points, in the year 1633 ; one 
at Hartford, by the Dutch from. New York, and the other at 
Windsor, by one William Holmes, of the Plymouth company. 

In 1637, the famous Pequod war broke out, which eventuated 
in the entire success of the circumcised white men. 

New Haven, the Indian Gtuinnapiak, was settled by a company 
from London, in 163S. 

The charter of this colony was obtained hi 1639, and Theophilus 
Eaton was made the first governor. 

The colonies of Hartford and New Haven were united in one 
charter, by Charles 2d, in 1662. This instrument lasted 150 
years. 

Mean length, 90 miles j mean breadth, 53 ; number of square 
miles, 4,770 ; number of acres, 3,052,800 ; number of counties, 8 ; 
numb sr of towns, 121. 

Population, 1790, 238,141 ; 1800, 251,002; 1810, 262,040 ; 1820, 
275,202 ; 1S30, white males, 143,047 ; white females, 146,556 ; 
black males, 3,850 ; black females, 6,197 ; slaves, males 8, females 
17 ;— total, 297,675. 

Seat of government, half the time, Hartford ; population, 
1830, 9,789 ; distance from Washington, 33S miles. New Haven, 
the other half; population, 1830, 10,180 ; distance from Washing- 
ton, 304 miles. 

Election, 1st Monday in April — general ticket ; electoral votes, 
8. Governor, John S. 'Peters ; salary, $1,100. 

Population of the largest towns, S,-c. 1830. 



Middletown .... 


6,592 


Fairfield , 


4,346 


dist, from Wash. 


330 m. 


Danbury ; 


4,310 


Norwicli . . .. * . 


5,169 


Greenwich . 


3,805 


Litchfield : 


4,458 


Norwalk . 


3,793 


New London . 


4,365 


No. following agriculture 


55,000 



22 

No. following merchandise 

commerce 
Library Yale College, vols. 
No. Banks 



Statistical View 



23,000 

6,000 

7,000 

15 



Bank capital 

Amount of School Fund 

No. of pupils . : 



§6,000,000 
$2,756,233 

85,000 



This state is charmingly diversified with rising grounds, and 
intervening valleys. The soil is good ; farms, small, and well 
cultivated. The staple productions are beef, pork, butter, cheese, 
cider, fruit, onions. The manufactures are noted, abundant, and 
various. 

Connecticut has heretofore presented to the world a state of so- 
cial community peculiarly inviting ; but of late it is said to have 
sensibly fallen off. 

Yale College founded in 1700, by Elihu Yale, of London. 

Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Hartford ; funds, $250,000 ; pupils, 
130. 

Number of factories, 1,350; capital employed; $3,500,000; raw 
silk made and sold annually, $75,000. 

The charter of Charles 2d was hid by Wadsworth in the hollow 
of an oak tree, and thereby preserved from the grasp of James 2d. 

In 1776, Danbury was burnt, by order of general Howe ; general 
Tryon commanded. 

In 1779, New Haven, and vicinity, were burned by the same 
Tryon. 

In 1781, B. Arnold, the traitor, sacked New London, his native 
place. 

In 1783, a republican constitution was framed and adopted. 

In 1818, that constitution was revised, and made more repub- 
lican. 



VII. NEW YORK. 

This is called the "Empire State," on account of its wealth and 
population, in both of which it surpasses every other in the confe- 
deracy. 

It was once inhabited by the Iroquois Indians, or "Six Nations," 
of whom the Mohawks were the most powerful, now mostly extinct. 

This state was first discovered in 1609, by Henry Hudson. 
Manhatton Island, the present city and county ofNew York, "was 
then possessed by a tribe of Indians called Manadoes. 

The Dutch made a landing at Albany, and built Fort Orange 
and trading houses in 1614; and at New York 1615, calling the 
whole country New Netherlands. 

The English took it by force in 1664, and changed the name to 
New York". • 

The first Legislative Assembly was held in New York, Oct. 
1683, under E. Andross. 



of the seeeral United States. 23 

Schenectady burnt by the Indians and French, in the winter of 
1689. 

Mean length 285 miles; mean breadth 165; number of square 
miles 46,200; number of acres 29,568,000; number of counties 58. 

Population in 1790, 340,120; 1800, 585,756; 1810, 959,049; 
1820, 1,372,812;— 1830, white males 951,441; white females 
916,620; black males 21,465; black females 23,404; slaves, 12 
males, 64 females ; total, 1,913,006. 

Seat of Government, Albany; population in 1830, 25,516 ; dis- 
tance from Washington, 376 miles. Election 1st. Monday in No- 
vember — general ticket. Electoral votes, 42. Governor, William 
L. Marcy, salary, $4,000. 

Population of the largest towns, <^c. in 1830. • 

Cost of canals, $10,341,140 

Height of Catskill mountains, 3,804 ft. 
Length of the Hudson river, 196 m. 
New York city. Library, vols. 16 000 
U. College, " " 7J000 

ship tonnage, 345,000 

Number of local banks, 73 

Amount of bank capital, $28,000,000 
Total Insurance Companies, 51 

Total amount of capital, $18,201,731 
Whale Fishery, Hudson com- 
pany, capital, 200,000 
Sag-Harbour company, cap. 400,000 
Newburgh " " 200,000 
Number of ships employed, 28 
Amount of tonnage, 9,163 
Number of steamboats, 116 
Number of saving banks, 6 ; 
amount of deposites, $3,125,375 

Staple productions, wheat, beef, pork, wool, iron, and salt. 

It is reported that J. Verrazano of Florence, entered the harbour 
of New York in 1524, where he staid two weeks ; but New Port 
harbour is probably meant. Hudson's men are said to have first 
landed on Coney Island, on the 4th of September, 1609. 

Long Island was first settled by the Dutch in 1625. 

In 1779, Gen. Sullivan destroyed 40 Indian towns, and 160,000 
bushels of corn. 

In 1807, R. Fulton, of this state, started his first steamboat. 

In 1822, the old Constitution of 1777, was revised. 

Soon after the laws of the state were revised. 

In 1833, the Erie Canal had paid in toll, $1,085,612 

" Northern Canal " 110,192 

" Oswego Canal « 19,786 

" Cayuga and Seneca Canal 13,893 



New York city, 


213,170 


dist. from Washing 


ton, 227 m. 


Brooklyn, . 


15,39li 


City of Troy, 


11,105 


Rochester, . » 


10,883 


Buffalo, 


8,653 


Utica, 


8,325 


Johnstown, 


7,703 


Manlius, 


7,375 


Poughkeepsie, 


7,222 


Newburgh, 


6,424 


Hudson, 


5,395 


Ithaca, 


5,270 


Canandaigua, 


5,102 


Number of common schoo 


Is, 8,835 


Whole military force, 


210,923 


Amount of state revenue, 


$1,740,53] 


expenditure, 


1,747,987 


Length of cana!s, 


516 m. 



01,229,483 



34 



A Statistical and Chronological View 
VIII. NEW JERSEY. 



The primitive history of this state is in some respects blended 
with that of New York ; and is therefore rather indistinct. 

It was first planted by a few families from Long Island, at the 
present Elizabethtown, in the year 1664. The soil was purchased 
of the natives. 

The same year, the Duke of York sold out his right to the pro- 
vince, to Lord Berkley and George Carteret. The son of the latter 
Philip Carteret, brought out a number of families in 1665, and be- 
came governor of the province, fixing his residence at Elizabeth- 
town.. The territory was divided into East and West Jersey in 
1676, and in 1682, the east part was sold to W. Penn, who made 
Robert Barclay the ruling governor. 

In 1688, James II. connected this province with New York and 
New England, and made E. Andross governor of the whole. 

Queen Anne took the province under her care in 1702, united 
the two ports, and made Lord Cornbury the governor. 

Mean length 133 miles, mean breadth 50; number of square 
miles 8,300; number of acres 4,460,000; number of counties 14. 

Population in 1790, 85,416; 1800, 211,949; 1810, 245,555; 1820, 
277,595; 1930, white males 152,529; white females 147,737; black 
males 9,501, black femals 8,802; slaves, males 1,059; females 
1,195; total 320,823. 

Seat of Government Trenton; population in 1830 6,000 ; dis- 
tance from Washington 167 miles. " Election 2d. Tuesday in Octo- 
ber — general ticket. Electoral votes 8. Governor, Elias P. Seely, 
salary $2,000. 

Population oj the largest towns, #c. in 1830. 

Newark, . . 10,900 

dist. from Washington, 216 m. 

Paterson, . . 9,000 

New Brunswick, 8,000 

Elizabethtown, . . 5,000 

Burlington, . . 3,200 

Princeton, • . 1,85'J 

The north of this state is rough; centre, undulating; south, level. 
Produce, grain, fruits, beef, pork, butter, cheese, fish, iron, and 
timber. 

During the war of the revolution, the people of this state suffered 
from the presence both of friends and foes, more than any other in 
the Union. 
The principal battle grounds, are Trenton, fought on the 26th 

December, ...... 1776 

The heights of Princeton, fought January 3d, . . 1777 

The battle of Monmouth, fought on the 28th June, . 1778 



Library, N. Hall, vols. 8,000 

D. Theo. Sem. Princeton, 6,000 

Am'!. School Funds, $250,100 

Number of Academies, 21 

" banks, 16 

Amount of bank capital, $7,500,000 



of the several United States. 25 

The present constitution was formed in 1776. 

In the war of 1812, this state sent her militia to the Canada lines. 

Soon after the peace of 1815, measures were taken to commence 
improving her internal resources; among which are the Morris 
Canal, extending from the Delaware to the Passaic at Newark, now 
in operation. 

The Raritan Canal for sloop navigation, extends from the Dela- 
ware to New Brunswick, nearly completed. 

The South Amboy and Camden Rail Road, nearly completed. 
It is supposed that when fairly in operation the passage from New 
York to Philadelphia, will be made through this channel in less 
than six hours. 

The boundary line between this state and New York has been 
the subject of much ill-blood, and still remains unsettled. 



IX. PENNSYLVANIA. 

This is one of the most agricultural, commercial, and manufac- 
turing states in the Union; and it has long been deeply engaged 
in internal improvements. 

The banks of the river Delaware were first settled by a company 
of Fins and Swedes, from cape Henlopen to the falls at Trenton, in 
1627. They were finally conquered by the Dutch from New York, 
and sent prisoners to Holland. It fell to the English by conquest in 
1664. 
In 16S1, Charles II. made a grant of this province to the cele- 
brated William Penn, to cancel a debt due Penn's father. He took 
possession the same year by his agent, Markham, and in October 
1682, he with 2,000 of his friends arrived, bought of the natives, and 
commenced the city of Philadelphia. 

Owing to the humane policy pursued toward the Indians; the 
liberal principles of the government, and the fertile character of the 
soil, this state had a more peaceable and rapid growth than any of 
the others. 

Mean length 286 miles ; mean breadth 1 53 ; number of square 
miles 43,961 ; number of acres 28,134,430, number of counties 51. 
Population in 1790,434,373; 1800,602,365; 1810,810,091; 1820, 
1,049,488; 1830, white males 665,812; white females 644,088; 
black males 18,377; black females 52,938; slaves, males 172: fe- 
males 231; total, 1,348,233. 

Seat of Government Harrisburg; population in 1830,4,307; 
distance from Washington 110 miles. Election 2d. Tuesday in 
October— general ticket. Electoral votes 30. Governor, George 
Wolf, salary, $4,000. 

3 



2G 



A Statistical and Chronological View 
Population of the largest toicns, <^c. in 1830. 



Bloomfield, 


3,529 


Carlisle, 


2,923 


Chambersburg, 


2,794 


Wilksbarre. 


2,233 


Number of local banks, 


38 


" colleges, 


11 


" academies, 


56 



Philadelphia, . . 167,688 
dist. from Washington, 137 in. 

Pittsburg, . . 12,542 

Lebanon, . . 7,704 

Lancaster, - . 7,684 

Reading, . . 5,859 

York, . . . 4,216 

The Alleghany mountains pervade the central regions of this 
state. On the north of this ridge the soil is good ; on the south 
greatly superior. Wheat is the great staple. Iron and coal are 
abundant. The people are hardy, temperate, industrious, and 
wealthy. 

Battle at Germantown, October 4th, 1777. 

The city left by the British, June 18th, 1778. 

The Government of the U. States moved from the city to 
Washington, 1800. 



X. DELAWARE. 

This state takes its name from the river which washes its eastern 
line; and the river from Lord De La War. 

It is a little larger than Rhode Island, but neither so populous 
nor so wealthy ; nor has it so much available soil, as the coast 
abounds with pools and stagnant waters. 

It was originally connected with Penn's purchase, and under his 
government ; being styled " the territories of Pennsylvania." 

This state was first settled by Fins and Swedes in 1627. 

They landed at cape Henlopen, calling it " Paradise." 

At the present Lewistown, they built^a fort called " Hoarkill," 
1630. 

The next year they built " Fort Christie" near Wilmington. 

New Castle was called Stockholm ; and the whole country, New 
Swedeland. 

In 1651, the Dutch from New York took the province, and 
changed its name to New Amsterdam. The Fins and Swedes 
were sent to Holland, except a few taken to New York. 

In 1683, they had their own assembly, and were called the "Three 
Counties on the Delaware." 

In 1760, the boundary line with Maryland was adjusted. 

In 1765, this orovince sent delegates to the first assembly in New 
York. 

In 1776, the people framed their first constitution. 

The late Csesar A. Rodney was their distinguished statesman. 

The battle of the Brandy wine was fought in this state, and dis- 



of the United States. 27 

tinguished by the presence of the two greatest men known to the 
history of the world, Washington and La Fayette, the latter of 
whom was wounded. 

The constitution of 1776, was revised in 1792, and still exists. 

Mean length 94 miles ; mean breadth 22; number of square 
miles 2,112; number of acres 1,351,680; number of counties 3; 
number of towns 11. 

Population in 1790, 59,094; 1800,64,273; 1810,72.674; 1820, 
72,749 ; 1830, white males 28,845 ; white females 28,756 ; black 
males 7,S82; black females 7,973 ; slaves, males 1,806; females 
1,486; total, 76,748. 

Seat of Government Dover; population in 1830, 1,500; distance 
from Washington 114 miles. Election 1st. Tuesday in October — 
general ticket. Electoral votes 3. Governor, David Hazzard, 
salary $l,333i 

Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. 



Wilmington, . . 6,638 

dist. from Washington, 110 m. 
New Castle, . . 1,505 

Smyrna, . . l,25t> 

Milford, . . 1,200 

Lewistown. . . 1.150 



Georgetown, . . 1,100 

Slate Revenue, $26,000 

No. of people in common, 5,500 

Length of the Delaware and Chesa- 
a eake Canal, 14 m. 

Cost of the canal, $2,000,0u0 



North part of the state undulating; centre level; south low and 
watery. Staple produce, wheat, best in the world. 

Cyprus Swamp affords timber. Bog ore is supposed to be plenty. 

In this state the expenses of the National and State Governments 
impose a heavy tax upon the whole body of the people. 

On the Brandy wine, near Wilmington, there are some of the 
best flour mills, cotton mills, and paper mills, in the Union. 



XI. MARYLAND. 

This branch of the United States is a part of the old south Vir- 
ginia grant. Charles 1st gave it to George Calvert, (Lord Balti- 
more) of Ireland, in 1632. 

In 1634, the governor, Leonard Calvert, son of George, landed 
on the Potomac, with 200 families, and built the town of St. Ma- 
ry's, on the Potomac. 

The province was called Maryland, in honour of the queen, 
Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry the Great, of France. 

The first settlers were allowed 50 acres of land each, in fee 
simple, and full liberty of conscience. Population was rapid. 



2S Statistical View 

The first legislature assembled at St. Mary's in the year 1638. 

A bloody war occurred with the natives in 1642. 

The legislative body was divided into an upper and lower house 
in 1650. 

A mint was established by C. Calvert, and money coined, in 
1662. 

African slaves were imported and sold, in 1672. 

Seat of government removed to Annapolis, where it has since 
remained, in 1699. 

The city of Baltimore was founded August 8th, 1729. 

The people protested against British encroachments, 1769. 

Mean length, 119 miles ; mean breadth, 91 ; number of square 
miles, 10,829 ; number of acres, 6,931,560; number of counties, 
19. Grand division, Eastern and Western Shores. 

Population, 1790, 319,728 ; 1800, 341,548 ; 1810, 380,546 ; 1820, 
407,350; 1830, white males, 146,340; white females, 143,768; 
black males, 24,906 ; black females, 28,032 : slaves, males, 53,442 ; 
females, 49,552 ;— total, 447,040. 

Seat of government, Annapolis ; population, 1830, 3,000 ; dis- 
tance from Washington, 37 miles. Election, 1st Monday in Oc- 
tober — district. Electoral votes, 11. Governor, T. H. Carroll; 
salary, $3,500. 

Population of the largest toivns, fyc. 1830. 

Baltimore - - 80,625 Cumberland - - 2,541 

dist. from Washington, 38 m. j Charleston - - 2,360 

Fredericktown - 6,500 Cambridge - - 2,167 

Hagerstown - - 4,120 No. Batiks - 12 

Snow Hill - - 3,316 ' Baltimore Library, vols. 10,000 

The extreme west of this state is rough, the central regions un- 
dulating, and the east low and unhealthy. Staple productions, 
corn, wheat, and tobacco. The people are hospitable. Slaves do 
the labour. The wealthy well informed, but the poor are ignorant. 



XII. VIRGINIA. 

Virginia is the most ancient, extensive, and distinguished state 
in the Union. Her heroes and statesmen have filled a large place 
in the field and the cabinet of the country, a.id now stand foremost 
on the page of history. 

The coast of this state was visited by sir Walter Raleigh's 
squadron, on the 4th of July, 1584. 

It was called Virginia, in honour of the old maid, queen Eliza- 
beth, who issued the patent for the discovery. 



of the several United States. 29 

James 1st divided the territory into E. and W. Virginia, 1606. 

A company of 105 persons settled at Jamestown, in 1607. 

Thomas West, (lord De La War,) was made governor, 1609. 

The colony numbered about 650, in 1612. 

Young ladies were brought out and sold for wives, in 1620. 

The Dutch brought slaves to this colony, in 1621. 

Carolina was set offa separate province, in 1630. 

Cromwell sent a force to reduce the colony to obedience, in 1651. 

The laws and church of England were adopted in 1661. 

The Dutch made war on the colony in 1673. 

William and Mary's college was founded in 1691. 

The tithes were paid to the clergv in tobacco in 1712. 

The war with the French and Indians occurred in 1754. 

Defeat of general Braddock took place 1756. 

Patrick Henry's famous resolutions passed 1765. 

Constitution of the state formed July 5th, 1776. 

Arnold's visit and pillage, 1781. 

Surrender of Cornwallis, October 19th, 1781. 

This state freely sent her troops to the war of 1812. 

The constitution of 1776 was revised by a convention, 1829. 

Mean length, 320 miles ; mean breadth, 200 ; number of square 
miles, 64,560 ; number of acres, 41,654,200 ; number of counties, 
105. 

Population, 1790, 748,308; 1800, 880,149 ; 1810, 974,622; 1820, 
1,065,379 ; 1830, white males, 347,887 ; white females, 346,413 ; 
black males, 22,387 ; black females, 24,961 ; slaves, males, 239,- 
077; females, 23,680 ;— total, 1,211,405. 

Seat of government, Richmond ,- population, 1830, 16,085 ; 
distance from Washington, 123 miles. 

Election, 1st Monday in April — general ticket. Electoral votes, 
23. Governor, John Floyd ; salary, $3,333i. 

Population of the largest tovms, fyc. 1830. 



Norfolk : 9,816 

dist. from Washington, 219 m. 

Petersburg . . . 8,320 

Lynchburg .... 6,712 



Wheeling . . . 5,220 

Winchester .... 4,310 
Fredericksburg . j 3,307 



West part, hilly, good soil ; middle, undulating, good soil ; 
south, low, and poor. Staple articles, wheat, tobacco, pork, coal, 
some gold. 

The great men of which this state makes boast, are Washing- 
ton, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe. 



31 



30 Statistical Vieio 

XIII. NORTH CAROLINA. 

The regions of country now known as the state of N. Carolina 
were once held by about 6,000 Indians, of whom the Tuscarora 
tribe were the most powerful. 

The ships of Charles 9th, of France, explored the coast of this 
state in the year 1563, and from him the name is derived. 

A colony was planted on the island of Roanoke in 1585, but left 
the following year. 

The state was separated from Virginia in the year 1630. 

It was first peopled at Cape Fear, by John Yeamans, in 1665. 

The first assembly met at Albermarle, in the year 1669. 

The state was divided into counties in 1632. 

The protestant religion was established in 1715. 

The crown bought the province for $33,334, in the year 1719. 

It was divided into North and South Carolina in the year 1729. 

The rebellion of the "Regulators," 1,500 strong, occurred in 
1756. 

The battle of Moor's Creek Bridge occurred 1776. 

The battle of the Waxhaw 1780. 

The battle at Guilford Court-house 1781. 

Mean length, 362 miles ; mean breadth, 121 ; number of square 
miles, 43,812 ; number of acres, 28,033,280 ; number of counties, 
64. 

Population, 1790, 393,751 ; 1800, 479,103 ; 1810, 555,500 ; 1820, 
638,829 ; 1830, white males, 235,954 ; white females, 236,889 ; 
black males, 9,561 ; black females, 9,982 ; slaves, males, 124,313; 
females, 121,288 ;— total, 737.987. 

Seat of government, Raleigh ; population, 1830, 2,300 ; dis- 
tance from Washington, 288 miles. 

Election, 1st Monday in August — general ticket. Electoral 
votes, 15. Governor, M. Stokes ; salary, ,$2,000. 

Population of the largest toxons, 1830. 

Newbern - - - 4,310 

dist. from Washington, 337 m. 
Fayettevilie - - - 4,2 JO 

Wilmington - - - 3,10(1 

Washington - - - 2,050 

The interior of this state is hilly, and of good soil ; the central 
regions less so, and less fertile ; while the south is low, marshy, 
and partly fruitful in cotton, rice, and sweet potatoes. The people 
are mostly planters. 

Her gold mines, in which almost daily discoveries are made, 
have attracted to her bosom many adventurers, who have contri- 
buted to increase her population and physical strength. 



Fdenton - 


1,862 


No Banks, 4. — Capital 


$2,600,000 


In Impt. Fund 


75,912 


Amount GjJd 1832 


$352,800 



of the several United States. 3 1 

XIV. SOUTH CAROLINA. 

This state was attached first to Virginia, and then to Carolina, 
and finally became a separate province, by the above title, in 1729. 

Port Royal was first settled by governor Sayle, with a colony, 
in 1670. 

He founded Old Charleston, on the Ashley river, 1671. 

And the present town of Charleston in 1630. 

When Sayle first landed, the country was held by 28 tribes of 
natives : the Cherokees and Creeks were the most powerful. 26 
tribes have been destroyed, and the other two driven off, and the 
country divided into counties, in 1632. 

Rice was introduced from Madagascar by governor T. Smith, 
in 1683. 

The church of England established in 1703. 

War with the French and Spaniards of Florida occurred in 1706. 

War with the Indians and Spaniards occurred in 1715. 

The people put themselves under the care of the king in 1719. 

The crown purchased the province 1729. 

The negro insurrection occurred in 1740. 

Indigo introduced by a Miss Lucas in 1743. 

Outrages of the Cherokees in 1752. 

The sale of British teas sent to Charleston forbid, 1767. 

Militarv stores taken by the British governor in 1774. 

Fort Sullivan assaulted bv the British, but driven off, in 1776. 

Charleston taken by the British 8,000 strong, May 16th, 1780. 

Battle of Camden fought August 16th, 1780. 

Battle of the Cow Pens, January 17th, 1781. 

Battle of Ninety-six, May 22, 1731. 

Battle ofEutaw Springs, September 8th, 1781. 

Charleston left by the British, December 13th, 1783. 

Present constitution formed in 1790. 

Mean length, 190 miles ; mean breadth, 160 ; number of square 
miles, 30,190 ; number of acres, 19,561,210 ; number of counties, 
29. 

Population, 1790,240,173; 1800,345,591 ; 1310,415,160; 1320, 
502,741; 1330, white males, 130,590; white females, 127,273; 
block males, 3,672 ; black females, 4,249 ; slaves, males, 155,469 ; 
females, 159,932 ;— total, 581,185. 

Seat of government, Columbia; population, 1830,4,000; dis- 
tance from Washington, 500 miles. 

Election, 2d Monday in October — legislature. Electoral votes, 
11. Governor, Robert Y. Hayne ; salary, $3,900. 



Statistical View 



Population of the largest towns, fyc. 1830. 



Charleston - - 30,289 

dist. from Washington, 544 m. 
Georgetown - - 3,500 

Camden ... 3,0110 
Beaufort - - 2,500 

Employed in Agriculture 162,090 



Employed in Manufactures 6,980 
Commerce 2,890 

Bales cotton raised in 1827 221,003 
Tierces Rice do. 108,533 

Charleston City Library, vols. 13,000 
Amount of Exports 1832 $12,560,000 



This state is generally low, and occasionally marshy. Staple 
productions, cotton, rice, and naval stores. The people are dis- 
tinguished for their love of liberty and high sense of honour. 

Soon after the peace of 1783, this state founded several schools 
and colleges, and subsequently the University of South Carolina, 
but they have not flourished. 



XV. GEORGIA. 

The region of country called Georgia, with a part of S. Carolina., 
constituted a portion of the Florida of the early Spaniards, and the 
Virginia, and subsequently the South Virginia, of the early English. 

It was the hunting-ground of the Creeks, whose population 
amounted at one period to 29,000 souls, and whose warriors ex- 
ceeded 8,000 

The grant was made in 1 732, by George 2d, to James Oglethorp, 
and 20 others, who, with 116 settlers, landed on the Yamacraw 
BlufT, February 9th, and founded the present city of Savannah. 
A. D. 1733. 

James Oglethorp's war on Florida occurred in 1740. 

Spanish descent on Georgia followed in 1742. 

First legislative assembly convened to make laws in 1755. 

George 3d extended the province to St. Mary's river in 1763. 

This state confederated with the other states in 1775. 

British army, under colonel Campbell, reached and took Savan- 
nah, in 1778. 

In an attack upon the city, count Pulaski fell mortally wounded, 
1779. 

The British left the cily in June, 1782. 

The state adopted a federal constitution in 1785. 

The state revised this constitution in 1789. 

The state adopted its 3d constitution in 1798. 

Sale of lands to the United States by the Creek nation, in 1802. 

Mean length, 300 miles ; mean breadth, 195 ; number of square 
miles, 58,210 , number of acres, 37,248,361 : number of counties, 
78. 



of the several United States. 33 

Population, 1790, 82,54S ; 1S00, 162,101 ; 1810, 252,433 ; 1820, 
340,987; 1830, white males, 153,288; white females, 143,518; 
black males, 1,261 ; black, females, 1,225 ; slaves, males, 108,817 ; 
females, 108,714 ;— total, 516,823. 

Seat of government, Milledgeville ; population, 3,500 ; dis- 
tance from Washington, 624 miles. 

Election, 1st Monday in October — general ticket. Electoral 
votes, 11. Governor, Wilson Lumpkin ; salary, $3,000. 

Population of the largest toivns, fyc. 1830. 

Savannah . . . 7,843 

dist. from Washington, 858 m. 

Augusta . • 6,690 

Darien . ; . 2,314 

The state of Georgia has 6 banks. 

Number of bales of cotton exported in 1827, 304,714. 

Average price per bale, $30— $6,141,420. 

The castor-oil bean is raised to great effect. 



Athens . 


2,161 


Washington 


2,100 


St. Mary's 


2,000 


No. Common Schools 


760 



XVI. ALABAMA. 

This state is another portion of the Florida of the early Spaniards; 
but subsequently called the Mississippi Territory. 

Its name is taken from one of the principal rivers which pass 
through its precincts. 

Some parts of this state lying- next to Georgia, were settled im- 
mediately after the Revolutionary war; but it was not erected into 
a territorial government until 18J.7. 

From that period its growth, both in population and wealth, was 
unusually rapid. It was made a member of the United States in 
1819. 

The mean length of this state is, 275 miles ; and the mean 
breadth 185. 

Number of square miles 50,875; number of acres 32,560,000; 
number of counties 37. 

Population in 1800,8,851; 1810,31,502; 1820,127,901; 1830, 
white males 100,846; white females 89,560; black males 844; black 
females 728; slaves, males 59,170; females 58,379; total, 309,527. 

Seat of Government Tuscaloosa; population in 1830 2,500; dis- 
tance from Washington 858 miles. Election 1st. Monday in Au- 
gust — general ticket. Electoral votes 5. Governor, John Gale, 
salary, $2,000. 

Population of the largest toivns, if c. for 1830. 

Mobile, . . 5,200 J Cahawba, . . 3,050 

dist. from Washington, 1,086 in. Huntsville, . . 1,830 

Blakely, . 3,210 J 

4 



34 Statistical View 

The north part of the state is moderately hilly ; the middle re- 
gions beautifully undulating ; and the south low and level. The 
soil is generally of the first quality ; the staple productions are cot- 
ton and rice. Many kinds of fruits grow to great perfection. 

In this state lives a remnant of the Cherokee tribe of improved 
character and correct habits ; they have adopted a regular form of 
government, and have courts of justice. 

Their principal town is New Echota; amount of lands in acres^ 
9,519,166. 

Gtuite in the west are a few Chicasaws, who say they have never 
shed the blood of a white man. 

This state has recently built a college at " Mair's Spring," a 
mile and a half from the seat of government. 



XVII. MISSISSIPPI. 

This is another new state, which, long after our government was 
framed, remained the " hunting ground of the natives." 

Its name comes from the river which washes its western borders; 
and some of its soil and streams are held by tht Chicasaws, who 
have fields, flocks, schools, churches, and public houses. 

It was first settled by Ferdinand Soto, from Cuba, with 900, in 
1539. 

General R. Putnam made an effort to plant it in 1769. 

Soon after this event the town of Natchez was built. 

Of this place the British took possession in the name of the king, 
in 1779. 

The province was erected into a territorial government, in 1S00. 

It was admitted into the Union a free state, in 1817. 

The natives possess some of the most fruitful parts. Amount of 
acres, 16,885,760. 

All of which the United States Government is bound to vacate 
when practicable. 

Mean length 275 miles; mean breadth 165; number of square 
miles 46,000 ; number of acres 30,260,000 ; number of counties 26. 

Population in 1820,75,448; 1830, white males 38,466; white 
females 31,977; black males 288; black females 231; slaves, 
males 33,099; females 32,560; total, 136,627. 

Seat of Government Jackson ; population in 1830, 2,000 ; dis- 
tance from Washington 1036 miles. Election 1st. Monday in Au- 
gust — general ticket. Electoral votes 3. Present Governor, Abra- 
ham M. Scott, salary, $2,500. 

Population of the largest towns, fyc.fer 1830. 



Natchez, . . 4.000 

dist. from Washington, 12G8 m 

Washington, . 2 500 

Monticeilo, . . 2,300 



Liberty, . . 1,560 

Elliot, . . J,250 

Port Gibson, . 1,200 

Woodviile, . . 1,100 



of the several United States. 



35 



XVIII. LOUISIANA. 

Louisiana was first visited by F. Soto in 1541. 

Named after Louis XIV. of France, by De La Salle, in 1682. 

Attempted settlement bv DeLa Salle — 170 planters all destroyed 
in 1684. 

Attempted settlement by M. Ibberville, which failed in 1689. 
" " Crozart for trade, in 1703. 

First settlement, Orleans' Island, by John Low & Co., in 1717. 

France sold the whole for $15,000,000 to the U. States in 1803. 

A territorial government established under Governor Claiborne, 
in 1804. 

The territory became a free state in the Union in 1811. 

Attacked by the British, 12,000 strong, who were repulsed by 
Gen. A. Jackson, January 8th, 1815. 

The General lost but 7 men, the British nearly 3,000. 

Mean length 240 miles ; mean breadth 200; number of square 
miles 49,161; number of acres 31,463,000; number of counties 31. 
Land owned by the United States, 25,364,000 acres. 

Population in 1810, 76,556; 1820, 153,417; 1830, white males 
49,715; white females 39,506; black males 7,270; black females 
9,480 ; slaves, males 57,91 1 • females 51,677 ; aliens not classed as 
to sex, 210; total, 215,739. 

Seat of Government New Orleans; population in 1830 48,674; 
distance from Washington 1260 miles. Election 1st. Monday in 
July — legislature. Electoral votes 5. Governor, A. B. Roman, 
salary, $7,500. 

Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. 



Baton Rouge, - 3,503 

dist from Washington, 1237 m 

Alexandria, - - 2,100 

St. Francisville, - 1,80J 



St Martinsville, - 1,650 

DonaldviNe, - - 1,300 

Marksville, - - 1,200 

Ain't, of ship tonnage, 1829, 204,460 



North-west part of this state is broken but good soil. Centra! 
parts level, but good sugar land. South generally low, wet, un- 
healthy. 

This state passed alaw in 1826, prohibiting the increase of slaves. 

The staple articles of export are sugar, molasses, and cotton. 

In 182S there were exported from New Orleans, bales ol catton 
304,848. 

Worth on an average $30 per bale, $9,145,440. 

During the same period were shipped, hhds. tobacco, 35,112. 

Worth on an average $65 per hhd. $2,280,280. 

Whole amount of sugar for 1828, was 87,965. 

Whole amount of molasses, 39,874. 



36 Statistical View 

Produced on the farm of Gen. Wade Hampton, 1,640 hhds. 
sugar. 

Also upon the same farm, 750 hhds. molasses. 



XIX. TENNESSEE. 

This state takes its name from its most important river which 
was applied while it was a territory of North Carolina. As early 
as 1750, the Shawanees driven from Georgia by Governor Ogle- 
thorp, planted a home on the spot where Nashville now stands. 
Here they were beset by the Cherokees, and almost annihilated. 

In 1757, some hardy pioneers planted a town on the river Wa- 
tauga, near where Fort Loudon subsequently stood. 

In 1760, the Indians fell upon this town and destroyed most of 
the inhabitants. 

Col. Grant, inflicted a severe punishment for this outrage in 1761, 
and brought the natives to treaty stipulations. 

In 1776, the British agents, Stewart and Cameron, excited the 
Cherokees to make war on the colonies ; but the Kanhawa tribe 
opposed them and befriended the colonies. 

In the convention called to establish a provincial government,- 
delegates for the first time appeared from Watauga, 1777. 

Courts of Justice were first established in this province, 17S2. 

The whole territory was ceded to the United States in 1784. 

It was erected into a territorial government. Territory south of 
Ohio, 1785. 

The territory became an independent state, 1796. 

Present constitution adopted at Knoxville, February 6th, 1797. 

Mean length 430 miles ; mean breadth 104 ; number of square 
miles 44,720 ; number of acres 28,620,800. Owned by the United 
States, 3,000,000; number of counties 64. 

Population in 1790, 35,791; 1800, 105,602; 1810, 261,727; 1820, 
422,813; 1830, white males 275,066; white females 260.680; black 
males 2,330; black females 2,225; slaves, males 70,216; females 
71,387; total, 681,904. 

Seat of Government Nashville; population in 1830 6,566; dis- 
tance from Washington, 727 miles. Election 1st. Tuesday in Au- 
gust — district. Electoral votes 15. Governor, William Carroll, 
salary, $2,000. 

Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. 

Knoxville, - - 3,642 Franklin, - - 2,361 

dist. from Washington, 516 m. Carthage, - • 2,350 

Muifreesboro, - - 3,321 A m't. Export cotton, bales, 50,000 

Fayetteville, . . 2,612 Number of colleges, - 5 



of the several United States. 37 

The east part of the state is hilly ; west level ; all good soil. The 
staple articles are cotton, tobacco, iron, salt, &c. Climate healthy. 



XX. KENTUCKY. 

The state of Kentucky was originally included in the grant of 
Virginia, and for many years held as an appendage. 

It was first explored by Daniel Boone, in 1770. 

The first settlement was made at Lexington, in 1775. 

The natives were driven out by Gen. Clarke, in 1778. 

It was erected into a separate district, styled Kentucky, in 1782. 

Transylvania University founded, 1784* 

A separation from Virginia was effected in 1786. 

The territory was admitted into the Union in 1792. 

Mean length 298 miles; mean breadth 135; number of square 
miles 42,000; number of acres 26,900,000 ; number of counties 83. 

Population in 1790, 73,077; 1800, 220,955; 1810, 406,511; 1820, 
564,317 ; 1830, white males 267,123 ; white females 250,664 ; black 
males 2,652; black females 2,265 ; slaves, males 82,309 ; females 
82,904; total, 687,917. 

Seat of Government Frankfort; population in 1830 3,310; dis- 
tance from Washington 565 miles. Eelection 1st. Monday in Au- 
gust — district. Electoral votes 15. Governor, Breathatt, salary, 
$2,000. 

Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. 



Louisville, - - 10,126 

dist. from Washington, 590 m. 
Lexington, - - 6,0,8 

Russelville, - - 2,517 

Maysville, - - 2,362 



Danville, - - 2,165 

Baifdstown, - - 2,071 

Library of Transylvania College, 

number of vols. 6,000 

State Bank capital, $1,450,000 



Nearly half of this state is hilly, the other half level and extreme- 
ly fertile. Horses, mules, hogs, sheep, and cattle are reared in 
abundance. Tobacco, hemp, and wheat are also cultivated. The 
people are rapidly rising in wealth and improvements. 

The present prospects of the people are, however, highly flatter- 
ing, and much is expected from the influence of great and good 
men, among whom may be ranked Mr. Henry Clay, and Mr. 
Richard M. Johnson. 



XXI. OHIO. 

The state of Ohio is said to resemble a gigantic youth, who hav- 
ving passed his teens with hurried pace, is rapidly striding on to 
vigorous manhood of commanding stature. 



38 Statistical View 

Although but recently admitted a member of the Union, it has 
greatly eclipsed many of the Atlantic states which were deemed old 
while this was an unbroken forest. 

The first settlement was made by the French at Gallipolis in 1730. 

It came into the possession of the United States in 1786. 

The town of Marietta was planted by Rufus Putnam in 1788. 

A territorial government was established by Congress in 1788. 

Gen. Harmer defeated by the Indians at Chillicothe in 1791. 

Gen. St. Clair defeated by the Indians, Nov. 4th, 1791. 

Gen. Wayne defeated the Indians Aug. 20th, on the Miami in 
1794. 

Greenville treaty with the natives by Gen. Wayne, in 1795. 

The state was admitted a member of the Union in 1802. 

The state framed and adopted her present constitution in 1803. 

Mean length 210 miles; mean breadth 185; number of square 
miles 39,000; number of acres 24,810,000. Of these the United 
States own 4,984,000; and the Indians 409,900. 

Population in 1790, 3,000; 1800, 45,365; 1810, 230,760; 1820, 
581,434; 1830, white males 479,713; white females 448,6 1 6; black 
males 4,789 ; black females 4,779; slaves, males 1; females 5; 
total, 937,903. 

Seat of Government Columbus; population in 1830 5,000; dis- 
tance from Washington 396 miles. Election 2d. Tuesday in Octo- 
ber — general ticket. Electoral votes 21. Governor, 
salary, $1,200. 

Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1S30, 

Cincinnati, - - 23,513 

dist. from Washington, 497 in 
Chillicothe, - - 4,300 

Zanesville, - - 4,0:0 

Dayton, - . - 3,200 

Steubenville, - 3,197 Am't.of exports, Cincinnati, 699,520 

This state is neither hilly nor level, but charmingly undulating 
and greatly prolific. Wheal and tobacco are staple articles, and 
the country is rich in iron, coal, and salt. 

The horses amount in number to 151,142, valued at $5,644,300 

Horned cattle, 318,047, 3,003,558 

Whole military force, 112,783. 

To all that belongs to this charming country, nature has been 
peculiarly lavish ; to the fertility of the soil, she has added nume- 
rous broad rivers and meandering streams, beautifully sloping hills 
and broad valleys, crowned with forests of the most luxurious 
growth, all presenting the highest promise and most inviting 
scenery. 



Lancaster, 


2,982 


Marietta, 


2,572 


Hamilton, 


2,500 


Length of State Canals, 


571m. 


Ccst of canals, 


$5,899,671 



of the several United States. 39 

XXII. INDIANA. 

This state bears in many respects a strong likeness to that of 
Ohio, though it is something more rugged"! and has more frequent 
and extensive savannas. 

The early Indian tribes were the Chickapows and Twigtwers 
who had 1,400 righting men. 

The French built the town of Vincennes in 1730. 

The United States took the town and fortified it in 1787. 

A territorial government was established in 1801. 

The Indians sold out principally in 1804. 

Battle of Tippacanoe, November 7th, under General Harrison in 
1811. 

The territory was admitted into the Union in 1816. 

Indianapolis, the seat of the state government, was founded in 
1821. 

Mean length 240 miles ; mean breadth 145; number of square 
miles 37,000; number of acres 23,680,000; number of counties 65. 
United States land 12,300,000. Indian lands 5,336,000. 

Population in 1800, 4,875; 1810,28,896; 1820,147.178; 1830, 
white males 175,885; white females 163,514; black males 1,875 ; 
black females 1,772; slaves— 3 females; total, 343,031. 

Seat of Government Indianapolis ; population in 1830 3,000 ; 
distance from Washington 630 miles. Election 1st. Monday in 
August — general ticket. Electoral votes 9. Governor, John 
Gayle, salary, $2,000. 

Population of the largest towns, SfC.for 1830. 

Vincennes, - 6,200 1 Washington, ■ . 2,610 

dist. from Washington, 693 m. I Vevay, - - - 1,516 

Madison, - - 3,500 ' Centreville, - - 1,500 

The people of this state are collected from all parts of the world. 

Industry is a prominent feature; and the fertility offers ample 
scope for its indulgence. 

At Vevay is a Swiss colony, who cultivate the grape, in 1829, 
made 12,000 gallons. 

Iron ore, stone coal, and salt springs have been found. 

Epsom salts and the sulphate of magnesia, are found in abun- 
dance. 

In point of population this state ranks the 12th in the Union, and 
as it regards extent of territory, it is the 13th. 

Up to 1830, no pubile act had been entered upon for the establish- 
ment of schools, as the funds were then small. 



40 Statistical View 

XXIII. ILLINOIS. 

This is the country where the once powerful and warlike Winne- 
bagoes held their hunts and their pawwas; and the remnant which 
is left, still claim a few thousand acres. 

It is said to be more level, but not less fertile than the two last 
mentioned states; and the savannas, (prairies,) are more extensive. 

The French planted the towns of Kaskaskia and Cahokia, in 
1756. 

But were surrendered to the English, with Canada, in 1763. 

A Mr. Carver, and Mr. M'Kenzie, visited the country in 1768. 

And a Mr. Hutchins, who found the native warriors 5,00 strong, 
in 1780. 

The territory was ceded to the United States at the treaty of Pa- 
ris, in 1783. 

It was regarded as a part of the north-west territory in 1802. 

And erected a territorial government in 1809. 
> " Admitted into the Union, the 23d link of the Federal chain, in 1818. 

Mean length 365 miles; mean breadth 162; number of square 
miles'59,130;'number of acres 37,843,200. Of these the United States 
has, 23,575,300. The Indians, 6,424,640. Number of counties 56. 

Population in 1810,12,282; 1820,147,178; 1830, white males 
82,048; white females 73,013; black males 824; black females 
813; slaves, males 347; females 400; total, 157,445. 

Seat of Government Vandalia; population in 1830 3,000; dis- 
tance from Washington 868 miles. Election 1st Monday in Au- 
gust — district. Electoral votes 5. Governor, John Reynolds, 
salary, $1,000. 

Population of the largest toions, # c. for 1830. 



Kaskaskia, - - 4,305 

dist. from Washington, 67G in. 

Cahokia, • • - 2,515 

Alton, - - - 2,222 



Albion, - - - 2,137 

Brownsville, - - 1,535 

Edwardsville, - - 1,212 

Number of miners, - 12,200 

This state has some of the best land in the world ; and some in- 
dustrious people to work it. The prairies offer great facilities ; 
and no state in the world ever settled with greater rapidity. 

For several years past the population of this state has increased 
at the rate, per annum of 12,000. 

The amount of lead obtained from the mines in this state up to 
1830 inclusive, is estimated at 38,000,000 lbs. 



XXIV. MISSOURI. 

The state of Missouri is the youngest sister in the " Federal 
Family," and although " bought with "a price," is highly caressed 
and full of promise. 

It is a mere fractional part of the Louisiana territory. 

The town of St. Louis was built by the French in 1750. 



of the several United States. 41 

New Madrid was founded by a company from New England, in 
1806. 

The Indian title was vacated in 1808. 

This region was called the territory of Louisiana after 1811. 

It was erected into a territorial government in 1819. 

And admitted into the Union. March 5th, 1821. 

Mean length 272 miles ; mean breadth 222 ; number of square 
miles 65,500; number of acres 41,920,000; number of counties 33. 
Land owned by the United States, 35,263,541. 

Population in 1810, 20,845; 1820,66,586; 1830, white males 
61,405; white females 53,390; black males 284; black females 
285; slaves, males 12,493; females 12,652; total, 140,455. 

Seat of Government Jefferson; population in 1830 2,850; dis- 
tance from Washington 1019 miles. Electiou 1st. Monday in 
August — district. Electoral votes 4. Governor, 
salary, $1,500. 

Population of the largest toions, fyc.for 1830. 

St. Louis, - - - 5,852 

dist. from Washington, 8G5 m. 
Franklin, - - - 2,713 



St. Charles, - - 2,710 

Potosi, - - - 2,566 



New Madrid, - - 1,312 

Herculaneurn, - - 1,200 

Lands of lead mines, 2,000,000 

Annual produce, 10,000,000 lbs. 

No. ol hands employed, 2,850 

This state stretches upon the Mississippi 550 miles, and along 

the Missouri 380 miles. It appears from a late estimate, that the 

surface is something more extensive than old Virginia, and the 

population January 1st, 1833, 185,000. 

Its advantages are supposed to surpass those of Illinois. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

This district was ceded to the United States by the states of Ma- 
ryland and Virginia, for the seatof the General Governmentin 1790. 

It was surveyed and the city plotted by Ellicott, 1791. 

The corner stone of the present capitol was laid by Gen. George 
Washington in 1798. 

Temporary buildings were erected and Congress assembled in 

Captured and burned by the British, 7,000 strong under General 
Ross, in 1314. 

The foundation of the centre of the capitol was laid in 1818. 
Cost of the capitol before destroyed by the 

British, .... $1,389,445 

Cost since the destruction in 1814, . 1,207,055 

$2,596,500 

" destroyed by the British in 1814, 347,518 
of other public buildings, 364,861 

712,379 

4* $3,308,879 



42 Statistical View 

Mean length of the District 10 miles ; mean breadth 10 ; number 
of square miles 100; number of acres 64,000; number of counties 2. 

Annual session of Congress, 2d. Tuesday in December. 

Population in 1800,14,093; 1810,24,023; 1820,33,039; 1830, 
white males 13,647; white females 13,916; black males 2,645; 
black females 3,507; slaves, males 2,852; females 3,267; total, 
39,843. 

Population of the largest toivns, fyc.for 1830. 



Washington, 


. 


18,823 


Height of the centre dome, 120 ft. 


Georgetown, 


. 


9,141 


Diameter of the rotunda, 90 


Alexandria, 


- 


6,H9 


Heighth of the rotunda, 90 


President's House, length 


of feet, 


Length of senate chamber, 72 


Breadth, 




85 


Heighth of senate chamber, 42 


Heighth including basement, 


72 


Length of the House of Represen- 


Length of Capitol, front, 




350 


tative's hall, 95 


Depth of the wings, 




121 


Heighth of the House of Represen- 


East projection, 




65 


tative's hall, 60 


West projection, 




85 


National Library, 13,500 vols. 


Heighth of the wings, 




83 





The city of Washington is laid out upon an improved and exten- 
sive plan, and when fully built up, will be surpassed by no city in 
the old world. 

The great thoroughfares through it, are called avenues, and 
named after the several states ; that of Pennsylvania, which leads 
from the capitol to the President's house, is at present the most 
noted. 

The city is in its infancy and appears much the most, imposing 
while Congress is in session. A canal is now constructing, which 
contemplates a water communication between this city and the 
Ohio river, which when completed will impart a new face to the 
commercial transactions of the capital of the republic. 



UNITED STATES' TERRITORIES. 



I. MICHIGAN TERRITORY. 

The territories of the United States are under the direction of the 
Supreme Executive power, which appoints in each a governor and 
legislative council. 

Michigan is the oldest of these appendages, and has lately had 
some proceedings relative to being admitted into the Union the 
25th member. 

It was first planted by the French in 1647. 



of the several United States. 43 

The natives called the Hurons amounted to about 4,000. 

The Roman priests went to teach them religion in 1648. 

The whole territory surrendered to the English in 1763. 

Provisions for its surrender to the U. States was made in 1783. 

This surrender was concluded under the title of "Fort Wayne," 
in 1796. 

The territorial government was founded by the title of Michigan, 
in 1805. 

It was surrendered to the English by Governor Hall, August 
16th, 1812. 

Battle of the river Raisin, January 22d, 1S13. 

Defeat of Proctor and Tecumseh, and recapture of Detroit, Octo- 
ber 5th, 1813. 

Gen. Lewis Cass, appointed governor of the territory in 1814. 

Mean length 350 miles ; mean breadth 200 ; number of square 
miles 54,000; number of acres 34,560,000. 

Owned by the United States 16,400,000. By natives 7,400,000. 

Population in 1810, 4,760; 1820,8,896; 1830, white males 18,168; 
white females 13,178; black males 159; black females 102; slaves, 
males 22; females 10; total, 31,639. 

Detroit, the seat of Government — 506 miles from Washington. 
White population in 1830 2,567. Population of Mackinaw 1,800. 
Population of Frenchtown 1,200. 



II. HURON TERRITORY. 

This is a portion of the north-western territory, which is still un- 
der the government of Michigan, though about to be formed into 
a separate territory. 

This tract of country is said to be unusually rich in mineral pro- 
ductions ; copper, lead, and iron, are the most abundant. 

The towns are mere military posts, the largest of which is that of 
Green Bay, though some in the south are more popular. 

The territory is estimated to contain 88,750 square miles, and 
56,800,000 acres, which is one-fourth more than all New England. 

The whole population, including the natives, may be 8,500. 



III. WESTERN TERRITORY. 

The great western territory is the principal portion of the Louis- 
iana purchase of 1803, and has lately been divided into Missouri 
territo y, lying in the east, and Oregon territory embracing the 
west. 

The former extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky 
Mountains, and the latter from the mountains to the Pacific Ocean. 



44 Statistical View 

It is supposed to contain as much or more territory than all the 
other possessions of the United States, say 1,000,000'square miles, 
or 640,000,000 acres. 

These regions are inhabited principally by native tribes, of which 
there are supposed to be about 250,000. The most powerful are the 
Osage, Blackfoot, and Snake tribes. 

In some parts of this vast tract, the soil is extremely rich; the 
fir-tree grows to the height of 250 feet. In other parts there are 
high barren plains, destitute of shrubs and trees, and resembling 
the Steppees of Chinese Tartary. 

During Mr. Jefferson's first administration, Messrs. Lewis and 1 
Clarke made a tour through this territory to the Pacific Ocean. 
Several companies have since made the tour for hunting purposes, 
and a settlement has been effected on the Columbia River, which 
is about to receive large accessions from the New England states. 



IV. ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 

This is another portion of the Louisiana purchase, and takes its 
name from its principal river. 

The town of Arkansas was planted by a Mr. Tonte in 1685. 

The territory was ceded to the United States by the Q,uapaws, 
in 1819. 

The town of Little Rock was planted in 1819. 

The territory was erected into a territorial government, March 
2d, 1819. 

Mean length 500 miles ; mean breadth 240 ; number of square 
miles 121,000; number of acres 77.440,000; number of counties 26; 
but annually increasing as the country populates. 

Population in 1820, 14,275; 1830, white males 14,195; white 
females 1 1,476 ; black males 88; black females 53 ; slaves, males 
2,295 ; females 2,283 ; total, 30,388. 

Seat of Government Arkopolis; distance from Washington 
1,300 miles. Population in 1830 2,750; Little Rock, 1,313; Frank- 
lin, 1,396. 

In this territory there are about 70 hot springs, having medicinal 
qualities, and an extensive plain of beautiful white salt, eight inches 
deep. 

The range of Ozark Mountains pervade the western parts. 

Steamboats ply on the Arkansas River with great effect. 



V. FLORIDA TERRITORY. 

The English first claimed this region as discovered by Cabot in 
1497. 

Juan Ponce de Leon landed on the coast, in 1512. 



of the several United States. 45 

Lucas Vasques attempted a settlement — all lost, in 1524. 

P. de Norvaez with 400 landed — all lost, in J 528. 

Liese F. Soto, Pizarro's officer, from Cuba, landed in 1539. 

John Ribault, Admiral Colony's agent, came out and built a fort 
in 1553. 

Admiral Coligny sent a 2d. colony — all Protestants, in 1554. 

Philip II. of Spain, sent 500 men, and butchered the colony, in 
1556. 

D. deGaurgues, of France, with 150 men, avenged the butchery, 
in 1563. 

Sir F. Drake plundered St. Augustine in 1586. 

Captain P. Davis, of Boston, Massachusetts, plundered it in 1635. 

Governor Moore, of Carolina, United States, made a descent on 
it in 1702. 

Gen. Oglethorp, of Georgia, made another descent in 1740. 

The whole ceded to the crown of England in 1763. 

The territory was taken by Spain and held, 1783. 

It was invaded by the United States troop under Gen. Jackson, 
in 1818. 

The whole was ceded by Spain to the United States for debt, 
$6,000,000, in 1S19. 

It was erected into a territorial Governmentby Congress, in 1822. 

Mean length 335 miles; mean breadth 150; number of square 
miles 57,750; number of acres 36,960,000. Of these the United 
States own 29.700,000 ; the natives, 4,000,000; and Gen. La Fay- 
itte 23,000. Number of counties 16. 

Population in 1830. white males 10,236; white females 8,149; 
ilack males 383; black females 461; slaves, males 7,985 ; females 
r',516; total, 34,730. 

' Seat of Government Tallahassa ; population in 1830 2,633 ; 
distance from Washington 896 miles. 

Pensacola, 3,100; distance from Washington 1050 miles. St. 
\ugustine, 1,767. 
• The country produces the live oak, the best ship timber known. 

Here too the magnolia grows 100 feet high ; conical top covered 
vith flowers, from 13 to 20 inches in diameter. 

Cotton, rice, sugar, figs, and oranges grow profusely. 



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